grain

გამოთქმა: /greɪn/

Universal

2a single fruit or seed of a cereal:a few grains of corn
a small hard particle of a substance such as salt or sand:a grain of salt
the smallest possible quantity or amount of a quality:there wasn’t a grain of truth in what he said
a discrete particle or crystal in a metal, igneous rock, etc., typically visible only when a surface is magnified.
a piece of solid propellant for use in a rocket engine.

3 (abbreviation: gr.) the smallest unit of weight in the troy and avoirdupois systems, equal to 1/ 5760 of a pound troy and 1/ 7000 of a pound avoirdupois (approximately 0.0648 gram).
[because originally the weight was equivalent to that of a grain of corn]

4 [mass noun] the longitudinal arrangement or pattern of fibres in wood, paper, etc.:he scored along the grain of the table with the knife
the texture of wood, stone, etc., as determined by the arrangement and size of constituent particles:the lighter, finer grain of the wood is attractive
the rough or wrinkled outer surface of leather, or of a similar artificial material.
Mining lamination or planes of cleavage in materials such as stone and coal.
Photography a grainy appearance of a photograph or negative, which is in proportion to the size of the emulsion particles composing it.

6 [mass noun] historical kermes or cochineal, or dye made from either of these.

Universal

1give a rough surface or texture to:her fingers were grained with chalk dust
[no object] form into grains: if the sugar does grain up, add more water

2 (usually as noun graining) paint (especially furniture or interior surfaces) in imitation of the grain of wood or marble.

against the grain: contrary to the natural inclination or feeling of someone or something:it goes against the grain to tell outright lies
[from the fact that wood is easier to cut along the line of the grain]

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